A formação da competência intercultural entre os alunos no processo de ensino do inglés

In the international level for modern journalist a linguistic and a cultural component have become increasingly important. In addition to knowledge in the professional field, future teacher needs to possess cultural, sociocultural knowledge and skills of intercultural communication. Nowadays this problem is widely discussed due to the active growth of theoretical and practical interest in issues of intercultural communication. The introduction of a two-level education system (bachelor's and master's degrees) in Russia entails a considerable number of changes, including creating courses of a foreign language. These programs must be compiled in accordance with the new federal state standards the main demand of which is to increase the level of intercultural competence of students in the process of teaching a foreign language at a university.This article touches upon an experiment on the formation of intercultural competence of students. The different technologies as: projects, discussions, brainstorming, and roles games were used for the formation of the intercultural competence. The results of the experiment proved the effectiveness of competence-based approach in the formation of intercultural competence of future journalist.El artículo trata del subsistema ontológico de los fundamentos filosóficos de la imagen correspondiente del mundo, definiendo la comprensión típica del mundo como una unidad en una variedad de propiedades y relaciones típicas de un período histórico particular sobre la base de la interpretación filosófica apropiada de categorías tales como la materia, el movimiento, el espacio y el tiempo, necesario y accidental, posible y real, y otras categorías, atraídos por el patrimonio filosófico clásico y las enseñanzas filosóficas no clásicas. El autor señala que un evento importante en el desarrollo del enfoque sistémico fue la publicación por Immanuel Kant en 1755 de la obra "Universal Natural History and Theory of the Sky". El artículo describe el logro fundamental que es el desarrollo de la llamada "física del surgimiento" que lee para expresar el principio ("De lo existente a lo emergente") de tal manera: el paradigma evolutivo se expande y se eleva al rango de la base de todos los procesos que ingresan según la segunda ley de la termodinámica. Se establece que el holismo moderno sintetiza el evolucionismo, llevado a la idea del autodesarrollo, con un enfoque sistémico, en el que la "zona de responsabilidad" no solo es aislada sino abierta los sistemas complejos caen en. Se afirma el apoyo de la nanotecnología y el tetraedro NBI 'en su conjunto, es decir, la iniciativa NBIC, también es un complejo de autoorganización y sistema de autodesarrollo.No nível internacional para o jornalista moderno, um componente linguístico e cultural tornou-se cada vez mais importante. Além do conhecimento no campo profissional, o futuro professor deve possuir habilidades de comunicação cultural, sociocultural e intercultural. Atualmente, este problema é amplamente debatido devido ao crescimento ativo do interesse teórico e prático em questões de comunicação intercultural. A introdução de um sistema de ensino de dois níveis (bacharel e mestrado) na Rússia envolve um número considerável de mudanças, incluindo a criação de cursos em uma língua estrangeira. Estes programas devem ser compilados de acordo com as novas normas federais do estado cuja principal demanda é aumentar o nível de competência intercultural dos estudantes no processo de ensino de uma língua estrangeira em uma universidade.Este artigo aborda um experimento sobre a formação da competência intercultural dos estudantes. As diferentes tecnologias, tais como: projetos, discussões, brainstorming e role plays foram utilizados para a formação da competência intercultural. Os resultados do experimento demonstraram a eficácia da abordagem baseada em competências na formação da competência intercultural do futuro jornalista

Height and time dependence of the dynamics of the mid - Latitude upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere deduced from radiometeor measurements in Kazan (56° N, 49° E) during 1986-1995

A homogeneous series of radiometeor observations in the height interval of 80-110 km obtained during 1986-1995 at the Eastern European mid-latitude station of - Kazan (56° N, 49° E) has been used to determine the height structure of parameters of prevailing and tidal movements of the zonal and meridional circulation, their inter-annual, annual, semi-annual oscillations and several-year averages; height and seasonal structures of wave disturbances of prevailing circulation with time scales of planetary waves; investment of long-period internal gravity waves in prevailing circulation was evaluated. The influence of solar cycle activity on dynamics has also been determined. © 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Height and time variability of planetary wave activity

The height-season and year-to-year regularities of parameters of first and second spatial harmonics determine the structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere circulation and its variability. In the period 1992-2002 at heights 0-55 km, the amplitudes and phases of the first and second spatial harmonics in the field of temperature, geopotential height, zonal and meridional wind were calculated by the method of harmonic decomposition. Dispersion (standard or mean square deviation) of their day-to-day and year-to-year variations was calculated by their wavelength constants. Height and season patterns of variability have been estimated. The difference in height-longitude variability for wave numbers m = 1 and 2 has been discovered. At the same time, the intensity of wave disturbances for m = 1 is less than for m = 2 excluding the polar areas, where a significant variability appears at the heights 0-55 km. There is also a tendency for the intensity of year-to-year variations to decrease in comparison with day-to-day variations. In cold and warm periods the amplitude of perturbation waves with m = 2 both for day-to-day and year-to-year variations is greater than for waves with m = 1. Transient height areas in the interval of 20-30 km are more distinct for day-to-day variations of polar area. The mean square deviation (RMS) of the first harmonic of the zonal and meridional winds is less than that of the second harmonic and its year-to-year variability is less than day-to-day one. The amplitude of the first harmonic of zonal and meridional wind is higher than the amplitude of the second harmonic, and the day-to-day variability is greater than the year-to-year variability for the Northern hemisphere. The heterogeneous height and latitude structure is a characteristic of the year-to-year variation of the phase of the second harmonic. It could be caused by a non-steady state of the second harmonic. Crown Copyright © 2008

The estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements under the formation of regime of zonal and meridional circulation of midlatitude middle atmosphere

For the construction of circulation model of the middle Earth atmosphere it is necessary the estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements, which depends on the nature of the movements and on characteristic of their interaction with the background wind. As the parameter of efficiency of vortex flows the ratio of the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity to the sum of the square of the wind velocity and the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity for the zonal and meridional circulations was used: KU = σU 2/U2 + σU 2 and KV = σV 2/V2 + σV 2. The estimations of K in depending on height in the field of zonal and meridional wind in the height interval 0-55 km (using the data archive BADC UKMO for the period 1993-2003) and 80-100 km (by the wind velocity measurements carried out on meteor radar of Kazan State University for the period 1986-2002) were obtained. The estimations were obtained in the local approach for the Kazan's region (56N, 49E). The results of the computation demonstrate the decreasing of the parameter of interaction efficiency with the increasing of height in the height interval 10-50 km which is the most evident in the field of meridional circulation. On the heights of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere the parameter K on average of the investigated period in the field of zonal and meridional circulation has the values which are greater than ones on the heights of stratosphere. This speciality is the most evident in the field of meridional wind what indicates on the greater contribution of vortex movements while the formation of meridional circulation in comparison with the zonal one

Height-latitude structure of stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

Daily UK Met Office stratospheric assimilated data for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, accumulated for the period from 2004 to 2012 and pressure range of 1000-0.1 hPa, are used in this paper. The paper presents and thoroughly discusses spatial-temporal distributions of stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes and phases, calculated on the basis of geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind data for zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 (SPW1 and SPW2). The climatological planetary wave amplitudes and phases are calculated by extracting waves from three types of data: daily, monthly mean and climatological monthly mean. It has been established that magnitude of amplitudes and height-latitude distribution of amplitudes of SPW1 and SPW2 depend on data processing method for all parameters. It has also been established that height-latitude distribution amplitudes and phases significantly differ for geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind and depend on wave number and hemisphere. However, height-latitude distributions of phases are little different from each other for the used methods of data processing. © 2013 COSPAR

Lower thermosphere wind regime according to radiometeor measurements in Kazan

Research in dynamic processes in the lower thermosphere has been carried out in Kazan using the meteor radar facilities of the Kazan State University under the MAP-GLOBMET international program. Presented is experimental data on seasonal dependences of the wind for anomalous winter circulation periods, spring and autumn reconstructions and stable summer circulation from observations conducted in 1978 to 1984. Prevailing wind parameters are shown: zonal and meridional component amplitudes and A sub 0 and azimuth of the prevailing wind vector. The values are also presented for semidiurnal zonal and meridional tidal components, their correlation coefficient and zonal component amplitude maximum time

Coherence of temporal variations (2-30 days) in the wind field of the midlatitude middle atmosphere of the Earth

Current work is dedicated to the investigation of the coherency between wave processes at heights of lower and middle atmospheres of the Earth in the field of background circulation. In this work the comparison between temporal variations of the wind velocity on heights of the mesosphere - lower thermospher (MLT) and on heights of the troposphere and the stratosphere is accomplished. For analysis we used data of wind measurements accomplished during 1986-2004 at meteor radar of Kazan University (56N, 49E). Also we used data of BADC UK MO1 containing wind velocity in nodes of the longitudinal - latitudinal grid (96×72). Data of BADC UK MO are exposed to the spatial filtering. This allowed time series of complex amplitude of spatial waves with wave numbers 1-8. Performed analysis of wind data by the coherency spectra between this time series and time series of the wind velocity for heights of MLT allowed the detection of wave trains with specific periods close to Rossby waves (2, 5, 10 days) and to long-period waves (15-30 days) with significant coherency between variation on different height levels. Height profiles of the coherency phase showed the propagation direction and vertical wave length of the corresponding wave trains. The work has been performed under the support of Ministry of Education of Russian Federation, grant A03-2.13-513

Interdependence of wave processes of zonal and meridional circulation of the middle atmosphere

The investigation of daily prevailing wind velocity variations with planetary wave time scales from 2 to 30 days are accomplished using radio meteor observations over Kazan (56N, 49E) in the height range 80-100 km and BADC UK MO data archive for heights 0-55 km (with coordinates of Kazan). Calculated coherency spectra between zonal and meridional prevailing wind velocity show the significant coherency for time scales 3-5 days and 10-30 days. Height range with significant coherency for certain frequency is larger than 7-10 km. Height profiles of the coherency phase indicate the time shift between variations of zonal and meridional winds with mentioned time scales

Height variability of solar effects on dynamical processes of middle atmosphere

Large-scale changes observed in the atmosphere can be explained by the connection with solar processes. For region of Kazan the within-year variability is mainly determined by annual and semi-annual oscillations, which are investigated in the present work. The analysis of height profiles of coefficients of dependence of these processes on solar activity demonstrates the expressed height variability of their values, even change of their sign. The most expressed 11-year oscillation of the solar activity is in antiphase with 11-year periodicities of variations of annual average values of zonal wind. For the series of amplitudes of annual oscillations it is in phase with solar activity variations. In all probability, the most expressed solar effects on large-scale dynamic processes of atmosphere are mainly caused by 11-year periodicity of variations of solar activity. © 2006

Height structure of annual variations in circulation of the midlatitude lower thermosphere

Using long-term radio meteoric observations of wind at Kazan (52°N, 49°E) from 1978 to 1988, the height-seasonal structure and climatic characteristics are obtained, and the year by year variability is estimated for the zonal and meridional prevailing circulations in the altitudinal range of 80-110 km. The global character of the stratomesospheric winter cyclone invasion of altitudes of 80-100 km and the summer anticyclone penetration up to altitudes of ∼ 90 km is ascertained, and the change from mesospheric to thermospheric regime of circulation at altitudes of 90-95 km is revealed. The height dependence of the parameters of annual variations of the prevailing motions with characteristic yearly and half-yearly periodicities are determined, and altitudinal profiles of the amplitude and phase of the quasi-biennial oscillations of the zonal and meridional circulations are estimated. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union